Effects of transpression on the rocks exposed at the Jhelum Fault Zone in the east of Potwar Basin, Pakistan: implications on the subsurface deformation pattern

Abstract Jhelum Fault is the north–south-oriented major structural lineament originating from Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis and extending southwards towards Mangla Lake. Geographic extent, nature significance of are subjects which have been approached by different researchers in past. The previous research provides enough evidence for presence as well they discourse its surface extent. None addresses subsurface model this fault; consequently, extent has ambiguous variably reported. current takes into account both behaviour deformed strata to draft most reasonable depiction fault. Field data were coupled with satellite image 1.5 m ground resolution produce geological map study area at 1:25,000 scale. was created along four traverse lines considering lateral structures their shifting trends on map. stratigraphic package taken nearby hydrocarbon exploratory (Missakeswal-01 OGDCL) no rocks older than middle late Miocene exposed area. consistent through-going extents many faults prove that playing role tectonic evolution Zone. In model, same show very little throw, signify stress component be associated more wrenching pure compression. Therefore, transpressional having dominant relatively smaller push west steeply east dipping faults. also shows positive flower structure dominantly verging fault system few back thrusts. proposed extendible Lake subsurface; however, it acts like a continuous shear zone where there all shearing accommodated tight refolded fold axes. east–west shortening does not exceed 14.5% compression 3D further clarifies showing consistency strike.